With U.S. as a Model, China
Envisions Network of National Parks
More than 140 years ago, the
United States government designated Yellowstone as the nation’s first national
park — an untouched Western landscape of geysers, grizzly bears and soaring peaks.
The national parks program eventually expanded to include more than 450 sites
and has become one of the country’s greatest tourist draws.
Now China is trying to do with
some of its natural spaces what the United States did during its own industrial
boom. On Monday, Chinese officials and the Paulson Institute, a research center
based in Chicago, announced a plan to undertake trial national park projects in
nine provinces over the next three years.
“National parks are one of the
very best ideas America has exported to the world,” Henry M. Paulson Jr., the
former United States Treasury secretary and Goldman Sachs chief executive, said
in an email. “A Chinese national park system that protects and manages the
country’s ecologically rich, beautiful areas can be a source of great national
pride and environmental education.”
“The trick in China will be how
to let the public share its natural treasures, while at the same time
protecting them,” said Mr. Paulson, who founded the Paulson Institute in 2011.
“Conservation begins with a love of nature. You need to value something before
you want to save it.”
In some spots in China where
nature still thrives, like the popular Huanglong and Jiuzhaigou alpine parks in
Sichuan Province, conservation efforts have become secondary to moneymaking
ventures by tourism concession companies. Such areas are also often threatened
by industrial pollution and construction.
But in December 2013, according
to state news reports, Xi Jinping, the country’s president and head of the
Communist Party, told a meeting of senior officials charged with making
economic policy that China should move forward with a true national park
system.
The Paulson Institute, where
research on China’s environmental problems has been a major focus, began
talking last fall to the National Development and Reform Commission, the
government agency that helps oversee economic planning, about how to help out.
“This was really big news,” Rose
Niu, the chief conservation officer at the Paulson Institute, said of Mr. Xi’s
remarks. “No. 1, the national park system is a new concept to China. No. 2, not
so many environmental conservation issues have been highlighted on such a
high-profile political level.”
Ms. Niu, who moved to Washington
from China in 2008 and was in Beijing this week, said the Paulson Institute
would provide “technical support” to the Chinese agency as officials explore
ways to manage and protect the trial parks. That support includes promoting
exchanges between Chinese officials and experts in the United States,
developing guidelines for managing the pilot parks, and doing case studies of
national park areas in seven countries: Brazil, Germany, Japan, New Zealand,
South Africa, Thailand and the United States.
Mr. Paulson has committed the
institute’s help to planning for a trial park in the Wuyishan area of Fujian
Province, a mountainous coastal region where Mr. Xi spent many years as an
official. On the Chinese side, scholars from Tsinghua University in Beijing
will help draft guidelines for Wuyishan and the other parks. Ms. Niu and others
are scheduled to fly to Fujian on Thursday and travel to Wuyishan for meetings.
Accompanying the group will be
Doug Morris, who worked for 40 years with the United States National Park
Service, including as a superintendent. Mr. Morris is a member of Global Parks,
a nonprofit group started in 2008 by retired National Park Service managers to
advise foreign governments on creating national parks.
Some Chinese officials at the
provincial and regional levels have experimented with park conservation. Ms.
Niu, who is from Yunnan Province, played a critical role in helping establish a
conservation area there called Pudacuo. The protected area covers about 115
square miles where the parallel flows of the Yangtze, the Mekong and the
Salween have carved deep valleys. Ms. Niu worked on that project after she
became China country director of the Nature Conservancy, an American
environmental group, in 1997. Mr. Paulson is a longtime member of that group.
“China wants to develop a
national park system in line with international practices and standards, but
also fitting into a Chinese context,” Ms. Niu said in Beijing. “As someone
working on conservation issues for 20 years, I believe this is significant
progress that the Chinese government is making. The Chinese government knows
the Chinese public needs more and more green space and clean air.”
“The Chinese want beautiful
places and beautiful landscapes,” she added. “They want to enjoy the natural
resources. These kinds of resources are less and less in China. China not only
needs to fight pollution of air, water and soil, but it also needs to invest in
its natural capital.”
Fonte: New York Times
